Alcoholics Anonymous Community Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

AA Community - Research Paper Example Moreover, I understood that it was basic to confide in others to support me, since I myself am being prepared for a calling, which expects me to support others. In this manner, I moved toward the AA gathering, with trepidation and expectation doing combating it out in my heart. The principal thing one learns at these gatherings, are the 12 stages they follow during the time spent achieving restraint (Alcoholics Anonymous Australia, 2001). Initial, one needs to acknowledge that they tend to drink too much over which they are feeble. Second, they acknowledge that there is a more prominent force, which can help with the issue. At that point, as a third step, the individuals are to depend this more powerful, God, with the obligation of helping them conquer the issue. At that point the consideration of the individual is moved to themselves, as they are advised to search inside themselves to play out an intensive and courageous good stock of themselves. The fifth step is to concede the wro ngs they have found in themselves to God just as to another individual. After this, the restoring starts as they intellectually set themselves up for God to scrub them of these inadequacies. The seventh step follows, where the individual requests that God free the person in question of these defects. The eighth step comprises of spreading the positive change to outside simply oneself.

Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry

Terminology of Organic Chemistry Natural Nomenclature Oxford Dictionaries (n.d.) characterizes terminology as â€Å"the contriving or picking of names for things, particularly in a science or different discipline†{Dictionaries, #[emailprotected]@author-year}. I accept the most straightforward approach to comprehend the principles related with the IUPAC terminology of natural science is with models thus most of this exposition will manage models and their clarifications. Simek (1999) presents the deliberate naming of a natural compound with a central standard, that to start naming, one should initially recognize the parent structure, â€Å"based on naming a molecule’s longest chain of carbons associated by single securities, regardless of whether in a constant chain or in a ring†. After which, â€Å"all deviations, either different bonds or molecules other than carbon and hydrogen, are demonstrated by prefixes or postfixes as indicated by a particular arrangement of priorities†. Simek (1999) additionally depicts how alkanes are immersed hydrocarbons, which are atoms just containing carbon and hydrogen reinforced by single bonds as it were. Alkanes can be partitioned into two fundamental gatherings, straight and cyclic; direct depicts particles that can be fortified in nonstop chains and cyclic portrays atoms that are reinforced in a ring like structure. The least difficult of all to name are straight chain alkanes: CH4Methane C2H6Ethane C3H8Propane C4H10Butane C5H12Pentane C6H14Hexane C7H16Heptane C8H18Octane C9H20Nonane C10H22Decane C11H24Undecane C12H26Dodecane So as to name cycloalkanes, the prefix â€Å"cyclo† is utilized: C3H6CyclopropaneC4H8Cyclobutane C5H10Cycloheptane Classification of Branched Chain Alkanes College of California, Davis (n.d.) depicts how â€Å"An alkyl bunch is framed by expelling one hydrogen from the alkane chain, and is portrayed by the equation CnH2n+1. The evacuation of this hydrogen brings about a stem change from-aneto-yl.† E.g. Propane to propyl. So as to deliberately name an atom, first recognize the parent structure. For this situation the longest carbon chain is 6-Carbons in length, therefore the parent structure is Hexane. The carbons in the chain are numbered from the end giving the substituents (The gathering subbed instead of hydrogen, for this situation the substituent is CH3-Methyl) the least conceivable number The substituents or utilitarian gatherings that are joined to the parent chain are then named. There are two, one-carbon long alkyl gatherings and therefore take methane, drop the - ane and supplant it with â€ylâ ­, giving methyl. N.B. On the off chance that the alkyl bunch is two-carbons in length (CH3CH2), the name would be ethyl, CH3CH2CH2-propyl, CH3CH2CH2CH2-butyl. Number the substituents to distinguish their positions comparative with the parent structure. Here, substituent positions are 2 and 4. Hardinger (2008) underlines that a number must be alloted to each substituent, alongside its prefix (di-, tri-, terta-, penta-, and so on.), regardless of whether the equivalent substituents are available in the particle In this model 2,4-dimethyl. Position numbers for substituents are requested numerically, substituent names are requested one after another in order (prefixes, for example, di-, tri-, tetra-, and so on., are avoided from in sequential order requesting, yet cyclo, iso and neo are incorporated) and are then composed before the parent name. On the off chance that these guidelines are clung to, the particle is named as: 2,4-dimethylhexane. Classification of Alkenes Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons and contrast from alkanes, as they have at any rate one C=C twofold security. Alkenes have the general equation CnH2n, which is a similar general recipe for cycloalkanes. Adhering to indistinguishable fundamental principles from previously, recognize the parent structure. Here, the longest carbon chain is 7-Carbons in length, in this way the parent structure is heptane. The particle is numbered so that the substituents have the most minimal conceivable position numbers. The substituents are then named. As the atom has a twofold bond, it is recognized as an alkene and as the parent structure is heptane, it is named heptene. In any case, consider there is likewise a methyl gathering. Numbering the places of the substituents gives, 2-methyl and 1,3-diene, since the atom contains one methyl gathering and two twofold bonds. Position numbers are requested numerically, the substituents requested one after another in order and both composed before the parent name. Because of the reality the twofold bonds utilize an addition (- ene is toward the finish of the name), 1,3-diene isn't requested before 2-methyl. Deliberately naming the particle gives it an IUPAC name of: 2-methylhepta-1,3-diene. Classification of Haloalkanes Haloalkanes are natural mixes, where an alkane contains at any rate one halogen. Haloalkanes have a general equation of CnH2n+1X (X=Halogen for example Cl) So as to name haloalkanes, the â€ine of the halogen name is evacuated, leaving the prefix (for example fluorine becomes floro-, chlorine becomes chloro-, and so on.). Similar standards are then applied to deliberately name the haloalkane. Classification of Alkynes Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons, as they contain at any rate one C≠¡C security. Alkynes have the general recipe CnH2n-2. Again distinguish the parent structure, the longest carbon chain is 7-Carbons in length and in this way the parent structure is recognized as heptane. The atom is numbered so substituent positions have the most minimal potential numbers. Here the substituents are: two methyl gatherings, one chloro gathering and one C≠¡C triple bond. The longest chain is 7-Carbons in length and contains a C≠¡C triple bond; in this manner, it is distinguished as heptyne. The substituent positions are numbered giving: 6,6-dimethyl, 4-chloro and hept-2-yne. At long last position numbers are requested numerically, substituent names are requested in order and are written before the parent name. The particle is given an IUPAC name: 4-chloro-6,6-dimethylhept-2-yne. Classification of Alcohols Alcohols are natural mixes containing at any rate one â€OH bunch attached to it. The hydroxyl bunch replaces a hydrogen on a carbon and along these lines, alcohols have the general equation CnH2n+1OH. The parent structure for this atom is distinguished as octane, since the longest carbon chain is 8-Carbons in length. The particle is numbered, giving the most reduced potential numbers to substituents. Substituents in this particle are: one hydroxyl gathering and one chloro gathering. The longest carbon chain is 8-Carbons in length and since it contains a hydroxyl gathering, it is recognized as a liquor. The position numbers for substituents are: 4-chloro and octan-2-ol. Position numbers are requested numerically, substituent names are requested one after another in order and are set before the parent name (the hydroxyl bunch distinguishes the particle as a liquor, all things considered, it utilizes the addition â€ol rather than the prefix hydroxy-). The particle has an IUPAC name: 4-chlorooctan-2-ol. Classification of Amines Amines are subsidiaries of alkali (NH3), the supplanting of at least one hydrogens in smelling salts with natural compound(s) makes an amine. Supplanting one hydrogen, will make an essential amine, two hydrogens †optional amine, three hydrogens †tertiary amine. Methylamine (essential) Dimethylamine (auxiliary) Trimethylamine (tertiary) When naming amines, the longest carbon chain including the amine bunch is resolved and numbered so to give the amine bunch the most minimal conceivable position number. In the event that the particle is an auxiliary amine, the longest carbon chain is utilized as the parent structure and the other chain is indicated with N-alkyl (if the two chains are of equivalent length, the atom can be named dialkylamine). On the off chance that the atom is a tertiary amine, similar to optional amines the longest carbon chain is utilized as the parent structure and different chains are meant with N-alkyl (if all chains are of equivalent length, the particle can be named trialkylamine). Classification of Ethers College of California, Davis (n.d.) depicts ethers as, natural aggravates that contain two alkyl bunches attached to an oxygen iota (for example CH3CH2OCH3). Ethers just utilize the prefix alkoxy-, where the â€ane of the alkane is evacuated. As per University of California, Davis (n.d.) the prefix alkoxy-is constantly treated as a substituent, in light of the fact that there is no postfix for ethers. When naming the particle the shorter carbon chain turns into the alkoxy-substituent (for example methoxy) and the more extended carbon chain is distinguished as the parent structure. Classification of Aldehydes and Ketones The two aldehydes and ketones are natural aggravates that contain the carbonyl gathering C=O. Aldehydes include toward the finish of a carbon chain (for example CH3CH2CH2CHO), though, ketones are a piece of the carbon chain (for example CH3CH2COCH3) When naming aldehydes note that they exist just on the parts of the bargains and hence needn't bother with a position number remembered for the name, the aldehyde is attempted to be position 1. Aldehyde’s utilize the postfix â€al in naming and supplant the â€e toward the finish of alkanes (for example Butane becomes butanal). Ketones utilize the addition â€one in naming and supplant the â€e toward the finish of alkanes (for example pentane becomes pentanone); be that as it may, dissimilar to aldehydes ketones need position numbers, as there are various situations for the C=O bond (except for basic ketones like propanone, as there is just one situation for the carbonyl gathering). Classification of Carboxylic Acids Carboxylic acids are natural aggravates that contain the carboxyl gathering COOH. Like aldehydes carboxylic acids are just present toward the finish of carbon chains and consequently, don't have positions numbers. Carboxylic acids utilize the postfix â€oic corrosive and supplant the â€e toward the finish of alkanes (for example Ethane becomes ethanoic corrosive). N.B. One must know, that in spite of the fact that there are precise IUPAC names for all atoms, a few particles have normal names for example ethanoic corrosive used to be known as acidic a

How to Stay Passionate about Writing

How to Stay Passionate about Writing Every writer hits a dead end now and then. Creativity is a quality thats defined by peaks and valleys. Many famous writers have gone through dry periods of writer’s block where they felt their work was worthless. Its not just fiction writers who suffer this fate. Journalists, researchers and even students also reach points where they feel uninspired by their work. So what should you do if your spirit is lagging and you cant find the joy and thrill in creating something new? Go to conferences and workshops Part of the challenge of writing is that its a solitary endeavor. And the human mind is a tricky beast, it can dry up pretty fast in the absence of outside stimulation. Attending writers workshops and conferences can spark your enthusiasm again. Getting feedback on your work can give you a new perspective on it. Hearing the advice of the coordinator can set you in a new direction. Meet other people working on interesting projects, this will fill you with the desire to keep going or to start anew. Get yourself out of your work space the site of so many frustrating hours â€" this can refresh your senses and help spark new ideas. Try a different genre If youre a sociologist working on a dissertation, try writing poetry or fiction. If youre a fiction writer, try writing an editorial article about something you feel passionate about. Its a way for you to keep practicing writing without getting stuck in a rut. It can also help take the pressure off. Youre not trying to publish a book of poems, youre just playing around with words. Youre not aiming to become a journalist, youre just finding another way to express yourself. Sometimes branching out into different areas and experimenting with styles can bring a light-heartedness to your work. Re-read your favorite book Some writers have a particular book that inspired them to write. Maybe it influenced their writing style or opened them up to new possibilities in writing. When youre experiencing a lull in your work, go back to the early source of your inspiration. Re-read it. Religious people turn to their sacred texts when theyre in doubt. Turn to yours. What did it teach you all those years ago when you first read it? What does it teach you today? Teach If youre struggling to find the purpose in your work, try teaching. Theres nothing better to light your fire than passing on the accumulated experiences of your years of writing to eager young writers. Youll have the chance to take stock of all the challenges youve overcome to reach the point youre at today. It may give you the courage to overcome your current block. Giving advice to them is also an indirect way of giving advice to yourself. Make sure you have enough time Maybe your problem isnt lack of inspiration but burn-out. Did you take on too many commitments at once? Are you trying to balance work and family and over-stretching yourself? Theres nothing like having too much on your plate to snuff your creative fire. Exhaustion, stress and guilt are a toxic cocktail that only work to keep the muse at bay. Rearrange your schedule to include enough time for leisure activities, to do the non-writing related things youre passionate about. Sparking passion in other parts of your life may have a contagious effect on your writing life too. Also, allowing yourself space from your problems is what gives you the perspective to solve them. Take on work that you love Nothing kills your passion for writing like writing about subjects you find boring. So, if thats what youre doing, stop. There are more than enough writing gigs to go around in the area that you love. Take this advice from Ray Bradbury: “I’ve never worked a day in my life. The joy of writing has propelled me from day to day and year to year. I want you to envy me, my joy. Get out of here tonight and say: ‘Am I being joyful?’ And if you’ve got a writer’s block, you can cure it this evening by stopping whatever you’re writing and doing something else. You picked the wrong subject.” Join a writers group Preferably one that meets in-person rather than online, but if thats not possible, then an online one is better than nothing. It helps to talk to other writers and share your work. Most writers tend to have a circle of writer friends, but it can be a tricky thing to depend on your friends to give you honest feedback. A group of professional writers can not only offer more objective advice, but they can give you the support and encouragement you need to work through difficult phases and reach the finish line. Look at the small picture Sometimes your writing dreams are too big. You want to write the Great American Novel or win the Nobel Prize for Literature. But instead youre sitting in front of a blank screen every day. So, try something else. Dont think about goals. Dont even think about finishing your book. Think about today. One word after the other. And after youre done, put it away and stop thinking about it. And then tomorrow do the same thing. Take the pressure off to turn your passion on. Mark Twain explained his writing method this way: “The secret of getting ahead is getting started. The secret of getting started is breaking your complex overwhelming tasks into small manageable tasks, and then starting on the first one.” Whatever lull youre going through right now, remember that many writers before you have gone through it too. Dont give up. Just make it to the bend. Once you round it, things will look different again.

Immigration Of The United States - 972 Words

Today, many Americans complain about immigrants coming in to this country illegally. But in contrast, America is a nation made up of immigrants. All American born citizens have ancestry with at least one immigrant. In the 1890s, it was okay to come to this country without it taking years to accomplish. But in todays society, immigrants that come to the United States Illegally have a chance of getting arrested by I.C.E and being deported. From January 1st, 1892- November 12th, 1954 it was common for immigrants to come into this country with relative ease, without having to spend months if not years trying to get the paperwork together to become a citizen. The point of entry was Ellis Island in New York. Upon arrival they were inspected for visible ailments and underwent a six second medical exam. If they were believed to be sick, they were marked with chalk and had to go through a more thorough medical exam. Once they were cleared and could go through processing they were asked questions that included their name, occupation, and the amount of money they were carrying. On average, from start to end, the process only took 3-4 hours. Only about 2% of people were denied entry in to America because of disease, criminal background, or insanity. About twelve-million immigrants came to the United States through Ellis Island in those 62 years. Famous passengers that processed through Ellis Island include Israel Isidor Baline (Irving Berlin) in 1893 from Belarus, Leslie Townes HopeShow MoreRelatedImmigration And The United States986 Words   |  4 PagesImmigration in the United States continues to increase rapidly year by year. According to an analysis of monthly Census Bureau data by the Center for Immigration Studies, the immigration population in the United States, both legal and illegal, hit a record of 42.1 million in the second quarter of this year, an increase of 1.7 million since the same quarter of 2014 (CIS.org). Clearly, Immigrants make up a large part of the population in the United States, and for most immigrants, migrating to theRead MoreImmigration Of The United States1399 Words   |  6 Pages Michelle Faed English 126 Immigration in the United States The United States of America, being a country established by immigrants, is known all over the world as the land of great opportunities. People from all walks of life travelled across the globe, taking a chance to find a better life for them and their family. Over the years, the population of immigrants has grown immensely, resulting in the currently controversial issue of illegal immigration. Illegal immigrants are the people whoRead MoreImmigration And The United States965 Words   |  4 Pages Immigration is a highly controversial and big problem in the United States today. â€Å"While some characterize our immigration crisis as solely an issue of the 11 to 12 million unauthorized immigrants living in this country, our problems extend beyond the number of undocumented people to a broader range of issues. The lack of a comprehensive federal solution has created a slew of lopsided, enforcement-only initiatives that have cost the country billions of dollars while failing to end un authorizedRead MoreImmigration On The United States1302 Words   |  6 PagesImmigration Rights in the U.S. Immigration has occurred in the U.S. for for many years. Some say it’s the foundation of our country. America is the country where people leave their own country to live. People would leave due to mistreatment, hunger issues or job opportunities. America is known for starting over or accomplishing dreams, so immigrants travel over to follow those dreams. People emigrate from one country to another for a variety of complex reasons. Some are forced to move, due to conflictRead MoreThe Immigration Of The United States1711 Words   |  7 PagesThe vast majority of people living in the United States are descendants of immigrants, and yet majority of them are against them. It is quickly forgotten that America was built on immigrants that wanted a new life. A life free from harsh government, and the freedom from forced religion. The original settlers were immigrants that stole this land; immigrants continued to come for years. It is not a newly constructed concept that immigrants have always been a problem, ask any Native American. One usedRead MoreImmigration Of The United States1064 Words   |  5 Pages Camarota (2007, p.1), director of the Immigration Studies Center, reports there are 1.6 million documented and undocumented migrants take up residence in the United States every year. Camarota goes on to say that the immigrants occupy one-eighth of the total population who settled in the U.S. The flood of aliens, to a significant degree, hinders the development of the United States. Therefore, the issues which relate to immigration must not be neglected, and the government should keep the numberRead MoreImmigration And The United States Essay1377 Words   |  6 Pages Immigration has been a large conversation topic for such a long time in our country. We have worked on policies for immigration, and have made changes to them throughout the duration of our country’s existence. This topic is always worth mentioning and important, but has become a bigger topic once again due to presidential elections and the conversations being had about immigration from said elections. It is not necessarily easily seen if the concern with immigration is who is here legally or limitingRead MoreImmigration Of The United States1565 Words   |  7 PagesA native of Mexico, Gonzalez came to the United States using a visa, to visit family members and in 1994, police convicted Gonzalez of the abduction and rape of a Waukegan, Illinois woman. During his conviction his attorney, Vanessa Potkin, addressed that at twenty years old, Gonzalez spoke very little English, had no criminal record, and yet the police wanted to pin the crime on him. Twenty years later, DNA from the crime cleared him of both charges, and Gonzalez is now threatened with deportationRead MoreImmigration : The United States1087 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States is a popular and powerful which many people admire. It is very true that the country prospect and is more enrich. O pening the border might improve the economy or can impact the job market for American citizens. It is the jobs of American citizens to be given more to this illegal immigrant. I believe the U.S. borders should remain closed. While it is clear that opening the borders can have benefits, I believe it is more important to keep jobs available for Americans. In my opinionRead MoreThe Immigration Of The United States1632 Words   |  7 PagesFrench and European to settle in the New World. Since the colonial era, America has seen a wave of immigrants migrate in search of freedom and equality. Is this the same immigration today? Nearly 11.6 million immigrants from Mexico reside in the U.S. Today Immigration has a significant impact on many aspects of life in the United States, from the workforce and the classroom to communities across the country. Not all immigrants come to America legally whether as naturalized citizens, legal permanent residents

Tax Initiatives Proposition 30 - 822 Words

â€Å"Proposition 30† Proposition 30 (prop 30 or SB11) is supported by the schools and local public safety protection Act of 2012. Prop 30 is a tax initiative led by California governor Jerry Brown. Prop 30 is aimed at reducing forecasted budget cuts to public schools also higher education, by increasing the California sales tax from 7.25% to 7.50%for the next four years. It also will create three new tax brackets for taxable incomes. Incomes exceeding $250,000, $300,000 and $500,000 will pay more in taxes for the next seven years. With the extra money being saved will go towards adding more classes for higher education students. Also to help reduce California’s state budget, prop 30 should raise $6 billion annually form raised taxes. If†¦show more content†¦She also believes that it won’t increase student performance; and won’t generate any revenue. With a $6 billion annually revenue from raised taxes I personally believe it will help us out in t he long run. Liberals say that with prop 30 in affect that finally students will get the reward of more classes and less education cuts in California. This will allow more students to enroll in higher education classes and hopefully be able to decrease the cost of education, if not lower keep at a tuition freeze for a few years. With more students enrolled in classes it will generate more of educated society. According to Sash Abramsky â€Å"The university of California projects a 20% midyear tuition hike and $250 million cut that will immediately trigger if proposition 30 does not pass and there will be automatic cuts to education totaling $5.4 billion dollars to the state of California† (Abramsky). With that being said that could have affected millions of college students in school today. They would have had to cut classes as well as teachers who teach the classes. This also would have probably driven the cost of tuition even more than it already is. Sasha Abramsky says â⠂¬Å"proposals to eliminate taxes and said no, or they looked at proposals to increase taxes and said yes. Several anti-tax initiatives did pass—including a supermajority requirement in Washington. But no state ballot measure was as high-profile, or as significant to the national debate, asShow MoreRelatedPublic Safety Protection Act Of 20121330 Words   |  6 PagesKimberly Schwartz, Student at UC Berkeley DATE: October 4th, 2012 SUBJECT: Prop 30 I. SUMMARY Proposition 30, formally known as Schools and Local Public Safety Protection Act of 2012† would add Section 36 to Article XIII of the California Constitution. Proposition 30 increases personal income taxes for seven years for California residents with an annual income over $250,000 and sales taxes by .25 % for four years. This tax increase is placed on California s top 5% of taxpayers and is estimatedRead More Californias Direct Means of Democracy Essay1336 Words   |  6 PagesCalifornians. California practices direct democracy which is a method of governance in which any citizen of a state wishing to participate holds sovereignty. It is a political system that allows citizens to change constitutional laws, put forth initiatives, referendums, and suggestions for laws. Also, they can give institute limitations for removal on the state’s executive branch official. These means of governing is a clear contrast representative democracy which state officials, elected to officeRead MoreThe Failure of Californias Proposition 19694 Words   |  3 Pagesmedical marijuana laws (Meyer Glover, 2009, para. 1), political windows suddenly opened for California marijuana reform advocates to push for legalizing the recreational use of marijuana. As a result, California Proposition 19, the Regulate, Control Tax Cannabis Act, became a ballot initiative on November 2, 2010 statewide ballot. Supporters argued that legalizing creational use of marijuana would help California to regu late the use and sale of marijuana, reduce correctional costs, redirect its courtRead MoreTobacco Act Essay913 Words   |  4 PagesGoing into effect April 1 of this year, the Tobacco Tax Increase Initiative passed as the California Proposition 56 from the Nov. 8, 2016 election, approved the increase of a pack of cigarettes by $2. Receiving a 64 percent yes vote, smokers have not only been hit with a $2 per pack hike, but also an additional 87 cents tax, which is being used to generate revenue for the state. In addition to the cigarette tax hike by the pack, as of July 1, smokers were again bombarded with another equivalentRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?986 Words   |  4 Pagesthat at one point, could have landed you in jail. But now, smoking pot in California, is legal. On Tuesday, November 8, 2016, California became the fifth state to legalize the recreational use of pot. By a margin of about 56% to 44%, voters passed Proposition 64. With its passing, California is now among states like Colorado, Washington, Oregon and Alaska who have also legalized marijuana. â€Å"Marijuana could become quite the cash crop† said Richard McGowan, a professor at Boston College and expert in theRead MoreProposition 30 Essay2375 Words   |  10 PagesProposition 30 is going to bring billions of dollars to the school system, It is going to insure budget cuts will not take any immediate effects, and help to revitalize the already crumbling school system. Proposition 30 increases the state sales and use tax rate .25 percent for four years (from January 1, 2013 through December 31, 2016); and increases personal income taxes for single taxpayers with a taxable income exceeding $250,000 – adding three new tax brackets of 10.3 percent, 11.3 percentRead MoreSolar Energy Farm Installation : 1 Essay1481 Words   |  6 PagesContents Solar energy farm installation: 1 Executive summary: 1 Vision and goal: 1 Value proposition: 1 Risk management: 1 Resource use: 2 Socio economic benefits: 2 Policy incentives: 2 Key resources: 3 †¢ Natural resources 3 †¢ Human resources 3 †¢ Network resources 3 Key partners: 3 Cost Structure: 4 Human resources cost 4 Facility cost 4 Production cost 5 Revenue stream: 6 Customer segments: 6 Customer Relationship: 7 Channels: 7 Solar energy farm installation: Executive summary: This part of theRead More Indians Vs. The Constitution Essay2841 Words   |  12 Pages They are Native Americans who are trying to build better lives for themselves but are stopped in there tracks by the state supreme court. Proposition 5 passed in November of 98, which would allow more gambling in the Indian reservations. The proposition was ruled to be unconstitutional. Now the Indians are rebutting the fact that they are sovereign and the ballot was passed. Under existing law, Indian tribes operate as semi-sovereign nations, and are liable under federal law only. Recently, theRead MoreMandatory Sentencing For Minor Drug Offences957 Words   |  4 Pagessentencing for minor drug offences, the American prison system is overflowing with inmates. According to E. Ann Carson, a Statistician for the Bureau of Justice Statistics, â€Å"Fifty percent (95,800) of sentenced inmates in federal prison on September 30, 2014 (the most recent date for which federal offense data are available) were serving time for drug offenses. In comparison to the 53% in state prisons, violent offenders represented 7% of the federal prison population (14,000 prisoners)† (Carson 17)Read MoreNanosolar Is A Developer Of Solar Power Technology Founded1165 Words   |  5 Pagesare in. The three most powerful tools of persuasion are Pathos, an appeal to emotion, Ethos an appeal to ethics by utilizing argument by character, and Logos an appeal to logic using logica l reasoning (Heinrichs, 4). Regarding Nanosolar’s value proposition, Pathos does not play a role because Nanosolar is focused on price and becoming a low-cost player, as exemplified by their â€Å"focused attention on reducing every cost associated with developing, manufacturing, installing, and operating its products†

Middle Childhood and Adolescence - 2141 Words

Middle Childhood and Adolescence Development Team B Psy - 375 July, 2, 2013 Professor Denisha White Middle Childhood and Adolescence Development Middle childhood development primarily entails growth previous to puberty during early school years; yet in contrast, adolescence signifies puberty as an inevitable biological change during that period. These stages of development refine the gradual transformation of psychological, physical, and social ways that enlighten any life span. This essay thoroughly will examine adolescent development and include positive and negative consequences of preliminary actions surrounding this time. An annotation will provide an extensive description of changes during middle childhood and adolescence†¦show more content†¦Group formations or cliques normally form during middle and high school years. These individual’s biases are normally superficial concerns that divide adolescents into groups of similar qualities such as intelligence and athletic ability. School systems help in the division of peer groups with school sponsored clubs but adolescents facilitate the attitude of how the group thinks and behave. (Hansell amp; Damour, 2008) (Feist amp; Feist, 2009) (Kowalski amp; Westen, 2009) Adolescent Egocentrism Adolescent egocentrism refers to a mental development limited in adolescents by others. Adolescents are able or are capable to feel when others paying attention to their appearance and behavior. For example, adolescents spend a significant time making them to look good in front of everybody; adolescents are too worried about their appearance and behavior. This type of egocentrism is known in teens between the ages of 11 or 12 years to 16-year-old. Adolescents usually create an imaginary audience in their own self-consciousness (Berger, 2008). In many cases, this phase passes overtime, but understanding, and patience is required throughout this phase. According to Berger (2008), people focus their eyes on this type of adolescent and the way how they (adolescents) think. That is, egocentric adolescents haveShow MoreRelatedMiddle Childhood and Adolescence1048 Words   |  5 PagesMiddle Childhood and Adolescence Kierra Williams PSY/280 October 30, 2012 Mara Husband Middle Childhood and Adolescence Middle childhood is the period of life that occurs between the ages 7 and 11. During these times of children lives they are in school and are making many different friends, and their cognitive and physical skills are enhancing. On the other hand, middle childhood period normally introduce individuals into new sets of challenges; not only for the child but for the parentsRead MoreMiddle Childhood and Adolescence Essay1047 Words   |  5 PagesMiddle Childhood and Adolescence Development PSY/375 1-24-11 Deborah Wilkerson Middle Childhood and Adolescence Development Changes in Peer Relationships in Middle Childhood and Adolescence Statistics say that in the stages in middle adolescence 30% of the child’s social life and interactions there are a great stage of peer pressure. These results were compared to the 10% that is experienced during the early childhood. They show that they are competent by demonstrating Read MoreChildhood And Adolescence During The Middle Ages953 Words   |  4 Pages History has demonstrated that an evolution occurs with the aging of society. One such evolution is the treatment of children. The concept of parens partriae was influenced by the exesting concepts of childhood and adolescence during the Middle Ages. It experienced its first major evolution, judging the 1960s, and has seen a further evolution in modern times. The following essay discuses those evolutions, and evaluates if they are for the better, or worse. According to dictionary.com definitionRead MoreDevelopment Of Self Esteem, Self Concept And Identity Through Middle Childhood And Adolescence2561 Words   |  11 PagesApplied Assignment Option 3 Development of self-esteem, self-concept and identity through middle childhood and adolescence Anuja Rupesh Vora New York University The years between 6 and 18, middle childhood to adolescence is a time of important development that leads to the establishment of self-concept, self-esteem, and identity for children. Self-concept can be defined as an idea of the self that is created from the beliefs one holds about oneself and the way that others respondRead MoreEssay Middle Childhood and Adolescent Development1026 Words   |  5 PagesMiddle childhood, is a very exciting time for young children from the ages of seven to twelve years old. It’s known as the school years and new social and cognitive traits are being learned at home and at school. Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory found this to be the latentcy period in which no much happens. He described this because children at this age sexual and aggressive urges are repressed (Stages of Growth Development, 1898-1987). This paper will also discuss the changes from middleRead MoreMiddle Childhood Essay724 Words   |  3 PagesMiddle Childhood and Adolescence University of Phoenix Human Growth and Development Jeanette Merchant August 17, 2010 Middle Childhood and Adolescence Stable and supportive families are crucial during middle childhood and adolescence development stage. Supportive family members and friends improve social development. The major change that occurs from middle childhood to adolescence is emotional maturation. During middle childhood stage, children develop more independence fromRead MoreNegative and Positive Effects of Peer Relationships1564 Words   |  7 Pagesbeing shared or non-shared? How difficult or easy can peer pressure be? Will peer pressure help or deter a child from being functional. How much do these factors affect development from childhood to adolescence? This paper will explain the different stages of childhood to adolescence, and how a child and adolescence copes with nature and nurture . Family is of great importance to having a functional or dysfunctional development; it will help or impede the child to have a support system in place. TheRead MoreChildhood Development : Middle Childhood1269 Words   |  6 PagesMiddle Childhood Development The middle childhood is to leave the play years to start maturing years to start adolescence (Berk, 2010). During the middle childhood, children began to have a lot physical changes. As well as, they begin to discover there identify that they are. For example, secondary sexual organs begin to develop in the boys and girls, they will confuse about identify. The puberty is the cycle when children are out of control because they will transition to leave the children to enterRead MoreSocialization Through The Life Course961 Words   |  4 PagesSocialization Through the Life Course As some people may know, socialization focuses on the childhood. However, it actually focuses on several different stages that we may encounter throughout life, commonly categorized as childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age. According to the book, the sociological significance of the life course is twofold. First, as you pass through a stage, it affects your behavior and orientations. You simply do not think about life in the same way when you are 30Read MoreAdolescent Stages of Development1500 Words   |  6 PagesAdolescent Stages of Development Adolescence is probably the most difficult period in life of every individual since it is a transitional stage between childhood and adulthood. In this period adolescents undergo significant changes in physiological, psychological and social aspects. Naturally, these changes produce a significant impact on their lifestyle, behaviour, psychology, etc. Traditionally, adolescence is considered to start at preteens, mostly from around 9-10 years of age till 19-20 years

Riders To The Sea Monologue Essay Example For Students

Riders To The Sea Monologue Essay A monologue from the play by John Millington Synge NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from The Shadow of the Glen; Riders to the Sea. John Millington Synge. London: Elkin Mathews, 1905. MAURYA: I\ve seen the fearfullest thing any person has seen, since the day Bride Dara seen the dead man with the child in his arms. I seen Michael himself. I\m after seeing him this day, and he riding and galloping. Bartley came first on the red mare; and I tried to say God speed you, but something choked the words in my throat. He went by quickly; and the blessing of God on you, says he, and I could say nothing. I looked up then, and I crying, at the gray pony, and there was Michael upon itwith fine clothes on him, and new shoes on his feet. It\s little the like of Bartley know of the sea . . . he will be lost now. Let you call in Eamon and make me a good coffin out of the white boards, for I won\t live after them. I\ve had a husband, and a husband\s father, and six sons in this housesix fine men, though it was a hard birth I had with every one of them and they coming to the worldand some of them were found and some of them were not found, but they\re gone now the lot of them . . . There was Stephen, and Shawn, were lost in the great wind, and found after in the Bay of Gregory of the Golden Mouth, and carried up the two of them on the one plank, and in by that door. There was Sheamus and his father, and his own father again, were lost in a dark night, and not a stick or sign was seen of them when the sun went up. There was Patch after was drowned out of a curagh that turned over. I was sitting here with Bartley, and he a baby, lying on my two knees, and I seen two women, and three women, and four women coming in, and they crossing themselves, and not saying a word. I looked out then, and there were men coming after them, and they holding a thing in the half of a red sail, and water dripping out of itit was a dry day, Noraand leaving a track to the door. There does be a power of young men floating round in the sea, and what way would they know if it was Michael they had, or another man like him, for when a man is nine days in the sea, and the wind blowing, it\s hard set his own mother would be to say what man was it.

Philippines free essay sample

The Department of Education recently unveils the enhanced K+12: Basic Education Program. The program involves the reinforcement of kindergarten, six years of elementary education, four years in Junior High School (Grades 7-10) and two years of Senior High School (Grades 11-12). Curriculum also allows specialization in science and technology, music and arts, agriculture and fisheries, sports, business and entrepreneurship. Thus, the Department of Education plans to implement the new education cycle in phases, beginning in 2012. In addition, Education Secretary Bro. Armin Luistro ensure that the Department will work closely with the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) and Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) to align the new basic education program with the existing programs of both concerned institutions (Caballero, ANC, 2010). The Department of Education believes that enhancing the quality of Education will allow the system to build flexibility in the curriculum to expand coverage and content. Along this line, students are presumed to have developed sufficient higher order thinking skills, analytic tools, and knowledge to enter either college or the world of work. We will write a custom essay sample on Philippines or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Basically, the country should also adopt this program to comply with the global standard for basic education (Manila Bulletin, October 8, 2010). Moreover, the K+12 program is highly promoted considering the fact that generally our graduates are not mature enough to handle higher education disciplines. Extracted from this problem the main aim of the program, which is to provide the basic learning competencies and emotional maturity that one needs and must possess in the workforce (GMANews. TV, October 6, 2010). Therefore, the Department of Education urged its critics to view the Enhanced K+12: Basic Education Program not as a burden, but as an investment. A. STRONG REASONS SUPPORTING THE ENHACED K+12: BASIC EDUCATION PROGRAM While most parents, teachers and students continue to oppose the plan of the Department of Education to implement the Enhanced K+12 Program, educators and other stakeholders expressed their support to turn the 10-year Basic Education Cycle to 12 years. The individuals and groups supporting the K+12 Program include the Philippine Business for Education (PBED), a group of top businessmen, Senate Juan PoncemEnrile, Coalition for Better Education (CBE), and Peter P. Laurel who is the President for Philippine Association of Colleges and Universities. They welcomed governments strong resolve to finally put in place a decades-old proposal for a K+12 Basic Education Cycle since they equally pushed for Education Reforms. Their famous line We are finally moving forward is associated with their confident belief that the proposed program will provide more benefits to the education system. They reiterated that the additional years in basic education cannot be separated from the issue of poor quality of the Education System. Over and above the poor quality and lack of teachers, textbooks and workbooks, and facilities, continues to make learning a growing challenge for more and more of the students. The K+12 Program gives to the masses the extra years of schooling that for many years has only been available in private elite educational institutions. Every additional year of schooling improves income potential of students as they enter the world of work (Danao, et al. , October 7, 2010). The Group was able to conduct a survey regarding the Enhanced K+12: Basic Education Program proposed by the Department of Education. Questionnaires were distributed to 45 respondents consist of teachers, students, and parents. The result shows that the reasons expressing support to the K+12: Basic Education Program are: It will mature the minds and emotions of students before attending the world of work. It will strengthen the students academic background. It will serve as a preparatory stage for students to realize and determine what profession they will take as they enter the tertiary level. Ideal to make Filipino students to become globally competitive in the world of employment. Philippine Education will attain same level of educational set-up with the other countries. This will definitely lead the tertiary level of education to concentrate more on the enhancement and development of skills and abilities of students to their respective specializations. To enrich and totally acquire all the learning competencies necessary to build the progress of students. To gain more knowledge. It will provide more areas in training the various skills of students considering that the focus should be on hands-on activities or experiential learning. This will open the gate of opportunity for Filipino students to pursue higher education in other countries. Learning takes time B. STRONG REASONS OPPOSING THE ENHANCED K+12: BASIC EDUCATION PROGRAM The K+12: Basic Education Program has received much flak from various groups for its alleged wrong priorities saying that the additional 2 years will not address the main problem about the deteriorating quality of education in the country. Senate Majority Floor Leader Vicente Sotto III, Cebu City Vice Mayor Joy Young, Rep. Antonio Tinio of the Alliance of Concerned Teachers Party List, Kabataan Party List, and League of Filipino Students National Chairman Terry Ridon are among the first to criticize the proposal. They voice out their concerns that the Enhanced K+12 Program would burden parents even more. They doubted whether the government could provide enough funds for the additional two years considering that the national budget is unable to fund the number of years in the basic education system at present. The program is impractical, given that the DepEd has not been able to address the problems in the 10-year basic education cycle (Musico, PNA, October 7, 2010). The move to add two years to basic education will not answer the growing number of out of school youth, nor will it lift the countrys employment rate. Instead, they suggest that government must focus on measures aimed at increasing state spending on education, stopping unjust tuition and other fee increases in all levels, promoting nationalist curriculum, upholding democratic rights of students, improving teachers welfare and improving science, research and technology development. The government should primarily address the shortage on classrooms, teachers and textbooks (Ronda, Philippine Star, October 8, 2010). Therefore, compiling all these dilemmas, they believe that implementation of the Enhanced K+12: Basic Education Program will only yield more problems. Base from the survey conducted by the group, the result presents reasons expressing disagreement to the K+12: Basic Education Program. Majority of the respondents believe that: It entails adjustments to all students, parents, and teachers. A high probability that students will tend to become lazy to acquire education. The Philippine government must address first the problem on poor school facilities and lack of educational institutions especially in rural areas. Several problems on lack of textbooks, low wages for teachers, etc. , are not yet addressed and solved by the government. The willingness of students to study at present is limited. Additional workload on the part of the teachers especially if the needed instructional materials are not totally and essentially provided by the educational institutions. Government is experiencing financial constraints at present. The focus should be on the proper training of teachers. Top-notcher or highly qualified teachers should be prioritized in the Teaching Profession. It will hinder the students of experiencing fun or time for leisure since their time will really be dedicated to schooling. The budget to be allotted to this program should be distributed to other important concerns of the masses such as medicine, food, and housing projects. Higher chance of losing interest for students to pursue their tertiary level. Considering the economic status of our country, theres the continuous increase in the price of goods and other services resulting to financial instability. It will be an additional financial burden especially on the part of parents. Filipinos are brilliant†¦ C. THE GROUPS FINAL STAND YES TO ENHANCED K+12: BASIC EDUCATION PROGRAM! LET US INVEST OUR MONEY TO WHERE OUR EDUCATION IS. We have now entered an age where the 10-year education program is becoming outdated. As a nation that is hoping to stand as a noticeable competitor in the global market, we need to furnish our graduates with a quality of education that will bring respect and pride to our country. We need to recognize and embrace the changes that need to be made in the educational program of the Philippines. It is true that simply adding two more years in the education of students does not guaranty that the students will master skills that are at par or superior than the students from other countries; most of which it will be a financial burden to everybody BUT the benefits of these changes will be very evident on the quality of graduates that the Philippine schools would be introducing to the world job market. We believe that its time to make a difference. The group likely recommends that the Department of Education should primarily address the infrastructure and supra-infrastructure requirements needed for efficient and effective implementation of the program. Foremost, the Department of Education must design a curriculum that is based on internationally approved standards. II. THE DIFFERENT TEACHING AND LEARNING STYLES A growing challenge to the Teaching Profession If teachers were taught to respond to global students processing styles and environmental preferences, and if only could be taught to be collegial or authoritative with those youngsters who require one or other teaching style, fewer students would experience frustration and the inability to succeed in academic classes. -Henry S. Tenedero Teachers need to identify the perceptual strengths of every student. Young students tend to be tactual or kinesthetic, thus teachers should introduce new words, concepts or skills initially with manipulative. It is a must that students need to be introduced through their primary perceptual preference, reinforced through their secondary or tertiary preference, and then required to use the new information in a creative way by making something original. A. TEACHING STYLES Teaching styles are the awareness of teachers on their preferences in creating and delivering instruction. TYPES OF TEACHING STYLES 1. CONTRACT ACTIVITY PACKAGE (CAP) It is an instructional style which guides a student through an independent learning experience. A series of objectives are presented which the students’ masters by completing activities selected. CAPs include many pictures and drawings to attract students attention. 2. PROGRESSIVE TEACHING STYLE This is based on the belief that learning should be experiential and should be integrated with all the other subjects. A method that highly promotes the concept of creativity learning through playing, learning through experiments, etc. 3. CONTENT ORIENTED STYLE A style exemplified by teachers which is determined by logical operations of the classroom, with heavy attention to content and lessons. Teachers do the strategy of lecturing. A method also termed as Explanatory Style and Informative Type of Teaching. 4. AUTHORITARIAN TEACHING STYLE A restrictive style of instruction in which the teacher makes absolute demands and threats or force to ensure that students comply. The teacher expects children to obey the rules and regulations and has little management abilities beyond constant yelling at the students. 5. PERMISSIVE TEACHING STYLE A type of instruction in which the teacher makes few demands of students and provides little or no active guidance. The teacher is one who really just wants to be friends with her students. No firm discipline plan is in place. 6. SOCRATIC STYLE The image is wise, somewhat crusty teacher who purposely gets into arguments with students over the subject matter through artful questioning. 7. TOWN-MEETING STYLE Teachers who adapt this style use a great deal of discussion and play a moderator role that enables students to work out answers to problems by themselves. 8. INTERACTIVE or INDIRECT TEACHING STYLE Through dialogue and questioning, the teacher facilitates the development of students ideas. This form of teaching also allows the socialization skills of students to takes place. 9. INDUCTIVE TEACHING STYLE Teaching style that considers topics by moving from the specific to the general. 10. DEDUCTIVE TEACHING STYLE Teaching style that considers topics by discussing the concepts to understands the details. 11. AUTHRITATIVE TEACHING STYLE A controlling style of instruction in which the teacher makes many demands but also allows some autonomy and individual expression as long as students are staying within the guidelines the teacher has set. The authoritative teacher is one who has an orderly classroom, a strong discipline plan, and is caring and supportive. Students respect and know that they can go to her with problems of any kind no matter how big or small. B. LEARNING STYLES Learning styles are various approaches or ways of learning. They involve educating methods, particular to an individual that are presumed to allow that individual to learn best. It is commonly believed that most people favor some particular method of interacting with, taking in, and processing stimuli or information. TYPES OF LEARNING STYLES 1. ANALYTIC LEARNING STYLE Learning is sequentially. Building of details is necessary into an understanding and often preferring quite, bright light, a formal seating arrangement and to continue their task until it has been completed. 2. GLOBAL LEARNING STYLE Learning takes holistically. There is the need to understand the concept first and then are able to concentrate on details. Prefer learning together with what teachers describe as distracters (music, conversation, snacks, lots of mobility, etc. It is described as Interest-Oriented Learning. 3. SENSING THINKING STYLE Mastery Learner. Students are sensitive to acts, details, physical actions, and steps. They are inclined to skills such as remembering, describing, manipulating, and ordering. 4. INTUITIVE FEELING STYLE Self-Expressive Learner and Visual Learners. Learners are sensitive to hunches, images, possibilities, and inspiration. They are inclined to skills including practicing, speculating, imagining, generating ideas, and developing insights. This form of learning style is also described as Pragmatist type of learning. 5. INTUITIVE THINKING STYLE Understanding Learner and Converger Learner. Learners are sensitive to gaps/flaws, questions, patterns and ideas. They are inclined to skills such as analyzing, testing/proving, examining and connecting. This style is also referred as Dynamic Learning Style, Problem-Oriented and Theorist Type of Learning. 6. SENSING FEELING STYLE Interpersonal Learner and Accommodator Learner. Learners are sensitive to feelings, people, gut reactions and experiences. They are inclined to skills including supporting, personalizing, expressing emotions and learning from experiences. This type is described as Reflector Learning Style. 7. FIELD INDEPENDENT LEARNING STYLE Learners are intrinsically motivated, and prefer to work alone or independently. Teachers merely serve as guide. 8. ACTIVIST LEARNING STYLE The students thrive on novelty and will give anything a try. They like to immerse themselves in a wide range of experiences and like to work in groups so that ideas can be shared and tested. 9. POLYTECHNIC LEARNING STYLE The students learn when they are in a community service. C. WHAT TEACHING STYLE COULD BE APPLIED TO EACH LEARNING STYLES? Exposed to too much technology and other stimulants, the modern child is sure to bring out the creativity out of his teacher. Angelo Garcia Contract Activity Package = Intuitive Feeling Style = Field Independent Learning Style Progressive Teaching Style = Sensing Thinking Style Content Oriented Style = Intuitive Thinking Style Socratic Style = Intuitive Feeling Style Town Meeting Style = Field Independent Learning Style Interactive Style = Activist Learning Style = Sensing Feeling Style = Polytechnic Learning Style Inductive Style = Analytic Learning Style Deductive Style = Global Learning Style Authoritarian, Permissive and Authoritative Teaching Styles possibly favor or applicable to all the different learning styles of students. Authoritarian Permissive Authoritative LEGEND: Teaching Styles = Three types of Teaching Styles that possibly favor and applicable to all the different Learning Styles. . Learning Styles = CONCLUSION: Students receive and process information in different ways. As they say every learner is unique. Teachers should be aware that no two learners benefit in the same amount of learning from a given situation. The environment in which one learns best is as important as the preparedness of the teacher to teach. Thus, if the students learning styles are compatible with the teaching style of their teachers, they tend to retain more information, effectively apply it, and have a better attitude towards a particular subject. However, if teachers cannot justify changes in their own teaching styles, they should help their students understand how some learning styles can be adapted to their own teaching styles. In addition, intensive researches have proven that schools should deal with the different type of instruction to cater the needs and individual differences of students. They must be creative in executing their teaching strategies. It is also necessary for teachers to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the students to be able to identify the appropriate teaching method to be utilize considering the learners respective level and capacity. Foremost, teachers must not over exaggerate the use of instructional material, rather it should only serve its main purpose which is to facilitate learning and attract learners (Peterson and Reinert, 1992). Three essential personal qualities of teachers would suit any learning styles of students as shared by Taush, 1986. These are Empathetic Listening, Respect and Concern, and Genuine Transparency. A teacher possessing these three personal qualities will surely improved Intellectual Quotient, interest, higher order thinking skills, attitude, etc. , of students.

History of Canadas Death Penalty

History of Canada's Death Penalty Capital punishment was removed from the Canadian Criminal Code in 1976. It was replaced with a mandatory life sentence without possibility of parole for 25 years for all first-degree murders. In 1998 capital punishment was also removed from the Canadian National Defence Act, bringing Canadian military law in line with the civil law in Canada. Here is a timeline of the evolution of capital punishment and the abolition of the death penalty in Canada. 1865 Crimes of murder, treason, and rape carried the death penalty in Upper and Lower Canada. 1961 The murder was classified into capital and non-capital offenses. Capital murder offenses in Canada were premeditated murder and murder of a police officer, guard or warden in the course of duty. A capital offense had a mandatory sentence of hanging. 1962 The last executions took place in Canada. Arthur Lucas, convicted of the premeditated murder of an informer and witness in racket discipline, and Robert Turpin, convicted of the unpremeditated murder of a policeman to avoid arrest, were hanged at the Don Jail in Toronto, Ontario. 1966 Capital punishment in Canada was limited to the killing of on-duty police officers and prison guards. 1976 Capital punishment was removed from the Canadian Criminal Code. It was replaced with a mandatory life sentence without possibility of parole for 25 years for all first-degree murders. The bill was passed by a free vote in the  House of Commons. Capital punishment still remained in the Canadian National Defence Act for the most serious military offenses, including treason and mutiny. 1987 A motion to reintroduce capital punishment was debated in the Canadian House of Commons and defeated on a free vote. 1998 The Canadian National Defence Act was changed to remove the death penalty and replace it with life imprisonment with no eligibility for parole for 25 years. This brought Canadian military law in line with the civil law in Canada. 2001 The  Supreme Court of Canada ruled, in United States v. Burns, that in extradition cases it is constitutionally required that in all but exceptional cases the Canadian government seek assurances that the death penalty will not be imposed, or if imposed not carried out.

Grover Cleveland's Illegitimate Child Scanal Essay

Grover Cleveland's Illegitimate Child Scanal - Essay Example Hunter was a film-making staffer in his office. A comparison between the handling of the Cleveland’s case and the latter two cases reveals the significant transformation of America from a classical society that attempted to suppress such scandals to an open one in which guilty perpetrators are willing to admit their past mistakes publicly and show a sense of responsibility. This paper explores the impacts Cleveland’s illegitimate child scandal and the public response to such cases. Challenges of fighting sex scandals The US is better off in terms of surviving such scandals among political leaders (Wiid, Pitt and Engstrom 138). This is partly because the women, particularly those whose husbands have been caught up in these lies, are living testimonies of the historical female abuse in marriage relationships. In light of the long-standing challenges facing women, most of them tend to see child scandals as normal. As such, the problem has become so widespread among the pol itical elite that surviving them is relatively easy; especially once the media has directed extensive media coverage to other important issues affecting the society (Feschuk 85). Chotiner (5) has pointed out that prominent politicians have been at the forefront of these scandals, people who command huge following and admiration from the public. In light of this, these scandals have been misconstrued to mean private life events that have very little, if any bearing on the quality of services that the public is entitled to. This lack of concern on the part of the American public not only shows hypocrisy, it has resulted in repeated cases of child scandals by key leaders in the country (Berinsky et al 177). The repetitiveness of such cases affecting elected leaders has earned them some level of acceptance within the public domain, since forcing such leaders out of office has not been as easy as handling the conduct of the bureaucracy within government circles. Part of the issues that h ave aggravated such scandals by making the American public have a less serious approach to weeding out the perpetrators from public service is the effectiveness of some of the individuals in discharging their mandate (Chotiner 6). Most Americans would rather have an honest, apologetic political leader whose name has been tarnished by a child scandal, with an exemplary performance record to remain in office for the rest of his or her term than spend more time and resources replacing him. America survived Clinton-Lewinsky scandal, partly on this reasoning (Greenberg 52). Barring guilty would-be leaders from office Despite the virtual failure to bring all pre-existing holders of political offices to book over sex and illegitimate child scandals, most of the guilty would-be leaders have been successfully barred from holding public office. Senator John Edwards was a potential candidate for the vice-President of the United States five years ago, but was forced to abandon the race (Wiid, P itt, and Engstrom 141).  The leader’s ‘love child’ affair dented his image and leadership qualities when he misled his wife, and the country about the issue. Former South Carolina governor Mark Sanford was forced to call it quits in 2011 over a similar scandal.  His vocations in Argentina, it later emerged, were a scandal in which he admitted to using public funds to entertain his mistress. However, he has

Urban Planners Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Urban Planners - Essay Example Planners who are in the public role often serve the public and act as valued technical advisors in the community's political environment (Garvin, 2002). Urban planners develop often develop long and short term plans for the use and revitalization of land. These plans facilitate the growth of urban and rural communities, as well as the region in which they are allocated. They assist the regional officials to reduce economical, social and environmental problems. This is done by proposing the location of schools, roads among other infrastructure. In addition to that, they recommend the zoning regulations for private possessions (Smith, 2006). According to Grogan (2002), Planners promote the best utilization of public land resources which are meant for commercial, residential, institutional and recreation purposes. They often formulate plans relating to development of new infrastructure, for instance new schools, new roads and public housing. Moreover, they help in making decisions about resource development and protecting the environment in its totality. Planners and developers are often involved in environment issues like wetland preservation, pollution control, location of new landfills and forest conservation. Planners may assist in the drafting of legislation of social, environmental and economical matters, for instance sheltering the homeless, new park, or making the region very attractive to businesses (Smith, 2006). Urban planners study and report on the current utilization of land for residential and community purposes before making plans for the community development. Their reports include information on the capacity and location of schools, airports, highways, libraries, recreational and cultural sites. They also provide records on the characteristics of the community, industries in the community, and employment and economic trends. They try to use the data obtained to optimize land use for public structures and facilities (Robert, 2003). The planners often prepare reports that show the cost of their programs and how they are carried out. Furthermore, they examine the suggested facilities, to know whether they will meet the needs of the growing population. They keep the records legal and economic issues, which are responsible for the building codes, zoning codes and environmental regulations. In addition to that, they ensure that the developers and builders are in apposition to follow the codes and the regulations (Garvin, 2002). Planners also deal with the land issues that arise due to the population movements. For instance, in Huntsville, the population growth and economic development has led to creation of more jobs out side the urban areas (Robert, 2003). As a result, the need for public transportation will increase, and it is the responsibility of the planners to model and develop suitable transportation systems and report them to the planning boards as well as the public (Garvin, 2002). Computers are very necessary urban planning process; planners use them to analyze and record information collected, and to prepare reports and proposals for government executives. Spreadsheets, computer databases, and analytical techniques are used to forecast future trends of employment, transportation, housing, or population. Urban

The Role of in-Film Advertising in Promoting the Sales of a Brand Essay Example for Free

The Role of in-Film Advertising in Promoting the Sales of a Brand Essay ABSTRACT Introduction: Cinema gives a powerful environment in which to advertise. The film being shown virtually identifies the target audience and makes it very easy to schedule and buy advertising spots to match brand message to potential consumers. Better still, the audience is completely captive and in a receptive frame of mind as they wait to be entertained. A well organized media plan based closely around the films being shown can be a highly effective way of communicating brand messages to a willing audience. In-film advertising is very much alive and kicking. Hence we have formulated the following hypothesis: ‘In-film advertising helps in promoting the sales of the brands.’ Methods: The first method used was a Quantitative Research Survey. The sample size was 100 people aged between 16-45 years. The locations selected for the survey were Andheri, Malad, Bandra, Dadar, Matunga The second method used was a Qualitative Research Method, wherein, we segregated the people if their responses indicated that In-film advertising didn’t affect their choices of buying brands. The questions asked were in order to determine the reason behind this attitude. Findings: Our findings clearly indicate a very high percentage of the success of In-film Advertising. But also, a number of people also responded by saying that In-film advertising was a gimmick and they weren’t affected by it. Conclusion: On the basis of these findings, we can safely conclude that our Hypothesis has been proved right, i.e. ‘In-film advertising helps in promoting the sales of the brands.’ INTRODUCTION Product placements in films help a lot, as long as they are woven into the story intricately and are not just a random appearance in a song sequence. In-film advertising is akin to gambling. If the film becomes a superhit, the brand is saved. But, if the film flops, the brand takes a heavy dent. One bad placement can do more damage than 10 good placements. Artistic integrity is crucial for successful brand placements and the utility of the product has to be woven properly into the script. The placement should be a natural fit and shouldnt be unnatural. The best way to deliver the message is to catch the customer off-guard, when their rational defenses are down. The best way to do so is to use the emotional gate rather than the rational gate. The rational gate scrutinises the advantages, benefits, features and seeks value for money; the emotional gate is all about trust, love, identification and belief and in India, the films operate at the emotional level of an individual. In-film advertising heavily depends on the popularity of particular films, the actors starring in them and their credibility. The strategy of placing some selected brands in films, gives them an additional marketing push, even though the stars featuring them may not be directly endorsing these brands. The respondents of the survey that we conducted, mentioned that the brand has to have a certain character in the film, combined with certain attributes and should not just be a stagnant prop. In the movie Corporate, by Madhur Bhandarkar, the costumes were visibly sponsored by Allen Solly, thus giving the brand certain leverage and creates positive brand awareness among the audience. In-film branding may be one more paying alternative of marketing.  Once the brand gets noticed through the films it gets a status quo by itself. In-film advertising is a rather economical medium of advertising, compared to other costlier mediums. Brands have realised that movies are a great way to reach out to an audience which is captive for a few hours. Brand managers today realise that a movie finds traction across different platforms apart from cinema theatres, such as DTH, entertainment channels on TV and home video. So the brand continues to gain exposure even after a movie is released in the thea tres. Thus, the high cost of conventional media, accompanied by the growing clutter, has made advertising an exciting and viable opportunity for advertiser. LITERATURE RESEARCH DESIGN The research design technique used is the hyposthesis-testing research studies.As we wanted to study the relationship between the two variables used in the hypothesis, one being (influence) of in-film advertising and second (its effect) on promotion of sales of the brand. TITLE Role of In-film advertising in promoting the sales of the brands. RESEARCH QUESTIONS RESEARCH PROBLEM The past four to five years has seen an tremendous increase, in the use of in-film advertising. Movies such as delhi 6, dhoom 1, Don, Aisha , Tees Maar khan etc have visibly made the use of in-film advertising. No matter if the movie belongs to a big banner or a small banner, whether it is a thumbs up or a super flop, companies have vigorously used this technique, to advertise  their brands and thus increase their visibility. The question arises as to what makes them invest crores of their funds into this field, is it actually helping them to promote sales? Has it in fact helping to build up a brand image? And also, if ever it is not converting the prospective customers into customers, what is the reason behind it’s failure? RESEARCH OBJECTIVES The objectives of conducting the research are as follows 1. To find out whether people known what in film advertising is? 2. To find out whether the viewers are able to recall the brands being showcased in the movie? 3. To find out whether it is increasing the visibility of the brand? 4. To find out whether it is creating brand awareness? 5. To find out whether it is influencing their buying pattern? 6. To find out whether it is actually helping in promoting the sales of the brand? SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH In – film advertising is not much talked about as when compared to other genres of advertising. This itself gives worth to research to be conducted in this area. Indian companies and marketers are now recognizing the importance, power and relevance of new media like internet and movies. Bollywood has been a part of popular culture and therefore, Hindi film trends, popular dialogues, characters, celebrities have always found place in advertisements. With increase in competition and media clutter, now brands are thinking of in-film placements and marketers are trying to place their brands in films In film advertising is not a very old phenomenon, it started with the movie TAAL, wherein coca cola was sublimely advertised. It is from then that the trend of showcasing brands in films was born. Research in this sector will help us to have a better understanding ,of , as to how, this technique works well for the brand, why it encourages the companies to advertise their brands with big banners, whether it gives the brands, much needed visibility and lastly if its helping in promoting sales of the brands. Research conducted on this particular notion, will help in forming a concrete belief and also will be an answer to all our research objectives. METHODOLOGY We have made use of both qualitative as well as quantitative method to conduct the survey. QUALITATIVE METHOD In this method, after conducting the survey we segregated the people wherein in-film advertising didn’t affect their buying pattern. We verbally asked them few questions to find out the reason behind them not getting influenced. Following are the questions asked to them- Q1. What according to you is the reason behind in-film advertising not being effective? Q2. Why do you personally don’t believe in it? Q3. What stops you from buying the products showcased in the movies? QUANTITATIVE METHOD Quantitative Research quantifies the data and generalizes the results from the sample to the population. Since, we wanted to know to what extent  in-film advertising helps in promoting the sales of the brand, to what extent it influences the customers to buy the featured products in the movie. We conducted a face-to-face interview. Sample Size- We interviewed 100 people. Demographic Profile: Age between 16 to 45 Both the sexes SEC A, SEC B,SEC C Educated residents of Metropolitan Cities Residential urban areas Location –Andheri, Malad, Bandra, Dadar, Matunga Psychographic Profile: Open minded and receptive to new ideas Attentive and observant Mainly movie-buffs Fashionable and trendy, out-going and social in nature. METHOD (TYPES) Primarily, we have made use of questionnaire method wherein other methods used are as follows 1. Structured data collection- We have made use of structured data collection, wherein we have made use of structured disguised. The reason behind making use of this method is that we did not want to disclose the objective of the survey been conducted because then there was a risk of getting biased opinions. 2. Method of Summated Ratings: The Likert Scale An extremely popular means for measuring attitudes. Respondents indicate their own attitudes by checking how strongly they agree or disagree with statements. We have made use of this rating method in our questionnaire where- in, we placed a statement, i.e. ‘In-film advertising influences you to buy the brand promoted in the movie.’ Response alternatives were: â€Å"strongly agree†, â€Å"agree†, â€Å"uncertain†, â€Å"disagree†, and â€Å"strongly disagree†. To analyze this scale, each response category was assigned a numerical value. The values that we assigned were, Strongly Agree=1, through Strongly Disagree=5 SAMPLING DESIGN Non-probability techniques: A non-probability sampling technique that attempts to obtain a sample of convenient elements. The selection of sampling units is left primarily to the interviewer. Under this, we have made use of convenience sampling. Convenience Sampling: Under this, we have targeted- Students, mall and movie goers, people on the street, Fashionable and trendy, out-going and social in nature. The reason behind using this method is that it is least expensive and least time consuming of all sampling techniques. †¢ The sampling units are accessible, easy to measure and co-operative. HYPOTHESIS- ALTERNATIVE STATEMENT- In-film advertising helps in promoting the sales of the brands. NULL STATEMENT- In-film advertising does not help in promoting the sales of the brands. FINDINGS GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATIONS FINDINGS OBSERVATION (ANALYSIS) The questionnaires that we gave to the sample audience included the above-mentioned questions. After analyzing their responses to all these questions, we have been able to get a gist of their attitudes toward In-film advertising. Firstly, it was very important for us, as researchers, to gauge only those people who watch movies regularly in order to conduct our research further. According to our findings, 87% of the respondents watch movies regularly and are movie-buffs and only 13% of the respondents watch movies occasionally. Secondly, since our hypothesis is based on In-film advertising, it was important for us to know whether the respondents were aware of this phenomenon. Therefore, 66% of the respondents were aware of what In-film advertising is and 34% of the respondents were unaware of this ‘term’. Further, it was noticed that even though, they were unaware of this term they knew the meaning of it, but were not familiar with the ‘term’ which can be analyzed further in the survey. In order to know whether the respondents were able to recall any movies using this phenomenon, we asked the following question: Q. Out of the following movies, which of them do you remember using In-film advertising? ↠ Koi Mil Gaya ↠ Fashion ↠ Don ↠ Dhoom 1 ↠ Aisha ↠ Golmaal 3 ↠ Wake Up Sid ↠ Delhi 6 ↠ Chak De ↠ Baghban In this question, we used aided-recall method. We gave the respondents a list of movies where in, In-film advertising is been used. Dhoom 1 was the highest recalled movie with 90%, followed by Koi Mil Gaya with 82% of the respondents recalling the movie. 74% of the respondents could recall In-film advertising being used in Chak De followed by 56% of the respondents for Baghban, 46% of the respondents for Delhi 6, 45 % respondents for Wake Up Sid, 40% respondents for Fashion, 23% of the respondents for Don and 15% of the respondents for Golmaal 3. Further, we wanted to know, whether the respondents could recollect the brand being promoted in the movie. Hence, with the help of aided recall method we asked the following question. Wherein, they had to match the brand that was being promoted in the movie. Q4. Do you remember the brand promoted in the following movies?( Match them accordingly) ↠ Koi Mil Gaya Reebok ↠ Fashion Motorola Phone ↠ Don Facebook ↠ Dhoom Lo’real ↠ Aisha Sunsilk ↠ Golmaal 3 Bournvita ↠ Wake Up Sid TATA Tea ↠ Delhi 6 Suzuki Hayabuza ↠ Chak De Nikon ↠ Baghban TAG Heur It was observed that, even the people who couldn’t recollect a particular brand being placed and promoted in a movie, could recollect it with the aided recall method. Therefore, 97% of the respondents could successfully recollect Suzuki Hayabuza being promoted in the movie. 88% of the respondents could recollect bournvita being promoted in Koi Mil gaya. Similarly, 79% of the respondents could recollect the same for Baghban followed by 78% of the respondents for the movie Aisha. 75% of the respondents for Fashion, 72% of the respondents for Chak De,69% of the respondents for Delhi 6, 60% of the respondents for Wake Up Sid, 40% of the respondents for Golmaal 3, and lastly 28% of the respondents for Don. Further, we discovered that 34% of the respondents agree that in-film advertising influences them to buy the brand promoted in the movie. On the other hand, 30% of the respondents have a neutral response on the same. 16% of the respondents agree that the brand promoted in the movies influences them to buy it. 12 % of the respondents strongly disagree with it and 8% of the respondents plainly disagree with it. Even though, respondents were able to recall the brands being promoted in the movie, did they actually buy the product? Has the brand recall helped in converting it to action i.e. buying? Our next objective was to find this. To this we found out, 64% of the respondents have actually bought a particular brand after it being promoted in a movie. On the other hand, 36% of the respondents haven’t bought it. Our next objective was to gauge the perception about the respondents on in-film advertising. To this, 27% of the respondents felt that promotion of the brand is the sole reason behind it being showcased in the movie. 13% of the respondents said, visibility is the criteria behind it and 60% of the respondents felt both promotion and visibility go hand-in-hand and that is the joint reason behind the brands being showcased in the movies. 76% of the respondents agreed that their perception has changed about a brand after it being placed in a particular movie. But, 24% of the respondents said it didn’t affect them. If an actor uses a particular brand in a movie; it definitely makes an impact on 63% of the respondents and to an extent influences them to buy that brand. But, it definitely doesn’t affect the rest 37% of the respondents. Q.10 According to you, since when has in-film advertising come into vogue? We asked few questions to 36% of the respondents who didn’t get influenced to buy the product placed in the movie in order to find out the reason behind it. The response and the analysis for the same is as follows:- Q1. What according to you is the reason behind In-film advertising not being effective? Products already have an identity created and communicated to the masses. Endorsing might ensure a few more sachets/packets/bottles moving out of the stacked racks but it isn’t like a beeline or an exodus for the product in question. Inculcating a brand in the backdrop and using it in the script  does not necessarily ensure cash registers ringing, it only makes a presence felt and then a surrogate mental association of the brand with the film/scene is involved. It might help, but it is very marginal, and in movies it particularly looks odd. If it is a cell phone or some a similar product then it is still alright. The movies showing products such as washing powder, bikes which doesnt make sense. By highlighting such brands or promoting the brands for the audience, surely confuses them as to what it is really meant for? It is done very well in Hollywood movies, where people will not be able to find out that they have deliberately put up a particular product. But in Indian movies, it deliberately promotes it and it does not augment well, and it is bad for movies also. A product placement in the movie should be in such a way that it has its own value or importance. Most of the times, the brand does not gain much from it’s promotion or any hike in its revenue generation. And what finally matters to the company is its revenue. So, in-film advertising in this way for few respondents has been ineffective. Q2. Why do you personally don’t believe in it? Q3. What stops you from buying the products showcased in the movies? Most of the respondents personally don’t believe in it mainly because they are brand-loyalists. It does not matter to them who is endorsing which brand or which brand is being showcased in the movies. Some of them are not satisfied the way the product is been placed in the movie. Also they feel, 30-60 seconds of brand placement in the movie is not sufficient for them to decide whether they want to buy it or not. Apart from that, this section of the respondents, do not watch movies that  often so it automatically fails in influencing them which in return, doesn’t compel them to believe in it. Thus, we had a mixed finding. Even though majority of the respondents agree with our hypothesis, they are few section of the respondents who have a different opinion and thus, they don’t agree with our hypothesis. CONCLUSION After a detailed study of the responses received from the research survey, our hypothesis proved to be true. A thumping majority of the respondents supported our hypothesis. Hence, In-film advertising does play a major role in promoting the sales of the brand. With this we can also conclude that in-film advertising is an effective tool to promote brands because it converts into sales and increases the visibility of the brand. In-film advertising is also a major advertising tool because it helps to endorse the brand with a celebrity, which otherwise is a very expensive option to consider. There are other advantages of in-film advertising. One gets stars to represent their brands, at a fraction of the costs. Moreover, films transcend geography, class and culture barriers, giving an opportunity for national and even international level branding. It also facilitates a clutter-free environment. Most importantly, films cannot be surfed, zipped or muted, unlike TV and internet. The advertisement catches people in a receptive mood and can be target specific. In-film advertising also helps in creating a favorable image about the brand from the consumer’s point of view, as the brand is being showcased in a healthy and entertaining environment. After carefully analyzing the responses received from the respondents, we also conclude that In-film advertising results in greater recall value as well as higher visibility, which helps the consumer to connect with the brand even more. The future of film branding is clearly on innovation. In this research we also analyzed that advertisements placed in films work well as the ads are placed according to the nature and background of the scene in the film which generate a very healthy background for the advertisement which in turn results into higher acceptability of that brand. while brand communication can be brought in to a film, it should be used in a selective and judicious manner and there should not be an overdose of the brand and its communication; otherwise, it would become boring, moving to a point of ridicule and seem forced. It should be used like a pinch of salt. For example, the bike- Suzuki Hayabusa used in Dhoom has given the highest visibility for the brand as the brand was actually being used in the film by a well known celebrity like John Abraham thus in a way, promoted. Such advertisements help the audience to connect with the brand along with reality. Brands get colored by the character using them and the context in which they are shown in a movie. For example, if a villain were shown wearing a Swatch watch, the brand would get visibility but perhaps not a positive mindshare. We also learnt that advertising in films helps the marketers to target their audiences, demographically as well as psychographically. Visibility of the brand in the films becomes like a long TV commercial for the audiences. Depending on the content of the film and its story line, a sketch of the profile of expected viewers of the film can be prepared and then those brands could be approached that could appeal to the targeted viewers. Most advertising professionals vouch for the fact that films, by virtue of being quite engaging, are one of the cost effective and effective mediums for advertising. Apart from monetary benefit to the production of the film from the brand owners, the commercial ads of these products promote the film throughout. One of the best examples is that of the recent film â€Å"Fashion† which had six prestigious brand placements clothing brands Kimaya and Reebok, Lenovo laptop, Sunsilk shampoo, Cellucom and LG Electronics. The production team earned Rs 8.5 crores from in-film advertisement alone, out of its total investment of 22 crores. Another example is the way Van Huesen advertisements promoted Ghajini, not only benefited the brand but, the personal image of Aamir Khan enhanced the trust for the brand. In the film,  Aamirs character was of a business tycoon, which added to the value of the brand Van Huesen, depicting success. The strategy of placing some selected brands in films, gives them an additional marketing push, even though the stars featuring them may not be directly endorsing these brands. Movies can enable brands to engage with different audiences and let consumers shake hands with the product. Given that cinema holds its audience captive, it is possible to make a product’s relatability quotient even more relevant and meaningful to the audience. Such a proposition when embedded in a storyline delivers unrivalled relatability. Further, an audience can be almost forced to sit up and take notice of a particular product attribute and see it in a new light. The recently-released, Aisha had a tie-up with Dior — the need being the lead heroine was portrayed as an elite damsel. It was a clever and convincing depiction to etch out the heroine’s character. In-film branding in fact helps to reduce publicity budgets of films by a minimum of 15 per cent. The low shelf life of movies has cut down theatrical collections; it has opened another window of revenue in the form of brand associations or in-film placements. Brands expect high visibility not only from theatres, but also when the film is shown on TV. A large majority of the respondents managed to have a high sense of recall to brands being advertised in particular films. In fact, many of the respondents enlightened us about many more examples of In-film Advertising. This shows the high success rate of In-film Advertising. All the objectives of our research, mentioned in the earlier section, have been achieved and thus, it can be called a successful research. All the findings just indicate that our Hypothesis has been proved right and hence, is valid. Therefore, ‘In-film advertising helps in promoting the sales of the brands.’

health care Essay -- essays research papers

Health care, what some consider being a basic human right, what our country considers to be a privilege to those who have the funds to support it. Unfortunately, today’s American health care system is no longer only negatively affecting the poor and uninsured, but is now affecting middle class suburbia. This paper will focus on the cause and possible solution to the recent upswing in bankruptcy filings due to medical health care costs. Harvard professors Steffie Woolhandler and David Himmelstein, along with Harvard law professor Elizabeth Warren and Ohio University sociology and anthropology professor Deborag Throne compiled statistically accurate data on bankruptcies in the United States. Their published study found that between 1981 and 2001, medical related bankruptcies have increased by an astounding 2,200 percent. This when compared to the 360% growth in all personal bankruptcies during the same period, is simply a figure that cannot go ignored. â€Å"About twenty-five years ago, filing for bankruptcy because of debts from medical problems was virtually unheard of.† (Frosch, 2005) Today medical costs are the second leading cause of personal bankruptcy, topped only by job loss. One factor affecting this rise in personal bankruptcies relating to medical costs is the dramatically increasing health care costs in the United States. â€Å"In 2002 American paid an average of $5440 in medical expenditures, up $419 from the previous year alone.† (Frosch, 2005) The major increases in medical costs can be attributed to technological advancements and the high costs associated with break-through drugs. Capitalism is the driving force of the medication industry. Higher medical costs are the first major factor increasing health care costs. â€Å"What you’re seeing in the bankruptcy numbers is a function of the fact that there is a very thin social safety net in this country in terms of health care.† (Frosch, 2005) Another major factor is the huge spike in the past fifteen years of uninsured Americans. In 2005, there are 45 million uninsured Americans, a jump of 10 million since 1990. The uninsured have always been a humanitarian issue heavily considered when dealing with political reform. There is however a segment of the American population that gets more attention, the middle-class. &... ...ming up with solutions to solve it is very difficult. â€Å"The only real cure for the medical bankruptcy epidemic, according to Physicians for a National Health Program, is national health insurance – a system where coverage isn’t linked employment†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Frosch, 2005) I will not claim to understand the economic ramifications in the institution of a nationalized health care system. I will however say that humanity is lacking in American culture. Selfishness continues to be a pervasive force. One argument supporting privatized health care is the quality of care that one receives. Another argument for it is that by having it privatized and as a function of a capitalized system, competitions force drives medical breakthrough rates much higher than anywhere else in the world. I will make my position clear. When it comes to the issue of healthcare, I do not value one human life more than another. I rather see everyone receiving mediocre to good care as compared to our current situation which leaves a tremendous amount of Americans suffering. Frosch, Dan. "Your money or your life: when getting sick means going broke† The Nation, Feb. 21 (2005): v280 i7 p11

Problem Based Learning

BASIC TEACHING & LEARNING COURSE (KAP CENTRAL ZONE/2013) 19 – 23 FEBRUARY 2013 ASSIGNMENT ONE (1) NAME| NUR AZIEMAH MOHD AZMAN| ID. STAFF| 302753| FACULTY| COMMUNICATION AND MEDIA STUDIES| CAMPUS/ COLLEGE| SHAH ALAM| QUESTION NO. | 2| FOR iLQAM USE ONLY FOR iLQAM USE ONLY DATE RECEIVED: TOTAL MARKS: STAMP: DATE RECEIVED: TOTAL MARKS: STAMP: NUR AZIEMAH MOHD AZMAN BASIC TEACHING & LEARNING COURSE 19 – 23 FEBRUARY 2013 (CENTRAL ZONE) UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (UiTM) ASSIGNMENT 1 – QUESTION 2â€Å"Learning is not a spectator sport.Students do not learn much just sitting in classes listening to teachers, memorizing pre-packaged assignments, and spitting out answers. They must talk about what they are learning, write about it, relate it to past experiences, and apply it to their daily lives. They must make what they learn part of themselves. † Explain how you will conceptualise this principle in your classroom? | There is a saying that goes: â€Å"Give a man a fish; you’ll feed him for a day. Teach a man how to fish; you’ll feed him for a lifetime. † As an educator, I hold on firmly to saying above.When I first started teaching, I told myself that I can either be a teacher who is only concerned about what need to be taught or I can be a teacher who is concerned about what and how something is supposed to be taught. I chose the latter. Why? Students had spent more than 12 years of learning in schools where most of the time, they sit and listen to what the teacher is teaching. Little or less participation on their behalf is incorporated during those 12 years. The main objective is to pass 3 ‘big and important’ examinations in 12 years.Sad to say, they soon forget a big chunk of what they had been learning for the past 12 years immediately after they finish their last paper for SPM. This is because students are only made to remember what they are taught; not to retain them. You can remember information for a specific length of time before you forget about it; but if you can retain that information, you’ll remember it forever. Let’s take mathematic as an example. We were taught how to do simple calculations such as addition since we were 6 years old. We not only learn how to add numbers in class, we also use it in our daily lives too.In a much simple terms, we practice what we learn in school and incorporate it into our daily lives. We retain the skills to do additions by doing and practicing. What about additional mathematics? Frankly speaking, if I was given a set of additional mathematics questions today, I would not be able to solve even the simplest question. Why? Because I did not use any of the formulas I was taught in school in my daily lives. I did not retain the information. Students are unique. They might not have the same way of learning.Lecturers and educators must be aware of their student’s ability in order to make the teaching and learning process a success. â€Å"Students have different levels of motivation, different attitudes about teaching and learning, and different responses to specific classroom environments and instructional practices. † (Brent and Felder, 2005) That is why, students learn best when they are incorporated and is actively involved during the learning process. The traditional method of teaching is more concerned on what the student should learn rather than how the student should be learning.In my class, I use Problem Based Learning (PBL) method. PBL is a new method of learning where there is a balance between what the students should learn and how they should be learning. â€Å"This new approach to learning is bringing about new ways in which students are involved in the learning process. Teachers know that students do not learn at their highest potential when they are in a classroom where the teacher stands at the front of the room and gives them knowledge. † (Utecht, 2003) During class, I e ncourage my students to speak and share information that they have on the topic.Before I start my lecture, I would first brainstorm the idea of the topic with my students. Initially, students would be reluctant to participate because they are afraid of saying the wrong answer. I encourage them saying that â€Å"if it is an opinion, there is no right or wrong answer†. Students in universities are andragogy learners; they are adult learners. As an adult, they would like to have more control of their own learning. â€Å"Andragogy reorients adult educators from educating people to helping them learn.The methods used may range from isolated instruction within a curriculum or integrated instruction. It may also encompass intentional and unintentional learning situations. † (Crawford, 2004) This type of students would be more interested to learn if they are given more power and control in the learning process. There are six assumptions on andragogy learners: 1. Adults need to know the reason for learning something (Need to Know) 2. Experience  (including  error) provides the basis for learning activities (Foundation). 3.Adults need to be responsible for their decisions on education; involvement in the  planning  and  evaluation  of their instruction (Self-concept). 4. Adults are most interested in learning subjects having immediate  relevance  to their work and/or personal lives (Readiness). 5. Adult learning is  problem-centred rather than content-oriented (Orientation). 6. Adults respond better to internal versus external motivators (Motivation). (Malcom Knowles, 1977) I planned and carry out my teaching and learning process using the 6 assumptions as my main guidance.Most of the time during class, I allow my students to voice out their opinion and share what they have to say on certain topics. I also let them know the objective of the learning and what they will acquire at the end of the class. If they feel that they did not achieve what they should at the end of the lesson, I encourage them to share their problems with their classmates so that they can come up with the solutions together. During my lecturer, I use simple examples which they can easily connect with in their daily lives. I usually share my experience and ask them to share theirs with the class.It takes the seriousness out of the learning process and students felt more comfortable sharing their problems and experience. For me, a relaxed and simple learning environment will encourage the students to be more active and not be reluctant to join in the discussions. A rigid classroom will make the students as cold as ice. Before I started teaching, I told myself to be the teacher that u have never had; the teacher I want to have but did not. I want my students to them around me and to not be ashamed to tell what they have in mind, because I believe the most valuable knowledge is the knowledge that we shared.References Brent. R, & Felder M. R. (2005). Understanding students’ differences. Journal of Engineering Education, 94(1), 57-72 Crawford S. R (2004). Andragogy – Malcolm Knowles. Retrieved March 21 from http://academic. regis. edu/ed205/Knowles. pdf Knowles, M. S. (1973). The Adult Learner: A Neglected Species. Houston:  Gulf Publishing Company. Utecht R. J. (2003). Problem Based Learning in Student Centred Classroom. Retrieved March 21 from http://www. jeffutecht. com/docs/PBL. pdf